4^th International Conference on Epilepsy & Treatment August 29-30, 2018 Zurich, Switzerland

Deficiency of oxygen to the brain can lead to epilepsy. Epilepsy may be due to genetic factors, May due to accidents, injury to brain and neurons; it may be also due to the life style of a person, prenatal conditions. Many genetical studies state that gene develops epilepsy and more than 500 genes will play a crucial role in epilepsy. Nearly 30% of epilepsy conditions in elderly people is due to cerebrovascular diseases. Poisoning due to lead and alcoholism and smoking may lead to epilepsy.

Epilepsy occurs basically due to changes in the chemical activity of neurons and fast spread of these impulses over the brain.when a huge electrical impulse is generated in one part of the brain which causes millions of neurons to fire producing seizures generally called Hyperexcitability, Activation of many neurons at a short span of time creates involuntary seizures known as Hyper synchronization

 women and most common in children and adults having age more than 60. Women with epilepsy have fewer chances to conceive than in non-epileptic women. For women who want marriage or pregnancy, special consideration is necessary. With the single use of commonly used antiepileptic drugs, the malformation incidence and the stillbirth rate will increase to 2 to 3 times of the general population.Children having idiopathic epilepsy has 90% chances of getting rid of epilepsy at their 20’s

Epilepsy is common in both men and women, Adults having age more than 60 idiopathic generalized Epilepsy is mostly seen in women than in men whereas localization related symptomatic Epilepsies were more frequent in men

Epilepsy can affect anyone regarding of their age, sex, and race. There are different types of epilepsy where each type should be diagnosed and given treatment accordingly. In Europe, at least 6 million people have epilepsy, and 15 million Europeans will have one seizure at some time in their lives. There is up to 40% of people with this condition may be untreated

Epilepsy is the major complicated disease among neurological disorders as its cause is idiopathic.People with epilepsy are at a higher risk for two life threatening conditions like status epilepticus and sudden death. status epilepticus is a condition in which a person has abnormally prolonged seizures and does not obtain consciousness in between seizures. Sudden death generally can occur for both epileptic and non-epileptic people as there could not find any proper reason for sudden death. A research on epilepsy gave that sudden death mainly occur due to multidrug therapy along with nonepileptic drugs with others combinations for better dosage and results.it may be  also due to ill management of Epilepsy.management of epilepsy shows great results in recent times

After the period of experiencing patient may experience cognitive disorders like amnesia, confusion which may affect person day to day life circumstances. 

The ketogenic diet and the associated modified diets are well established in the treatment of epilepsy.Maintain a proper diet with all vitamin supplements, regular exercise can reduce the risk of epilepsy, get plenty of sleep during nights, avoid using drugs and alcohol. Epilepsy due to medication can be subsided by discontinuing the medicines. epilepsies which cannot be treated with medication are suggested for surgery where there are 90 % chances of recovery.

when an individual experience a seizure for the first time doctor advises him for EEG and observes for abnormality in the of  EEG these tests differentiate patient from epileptic to non-epileptic.Research suggests that patients are only suggested to medicated for epilepsy only after their occurrence of a second seizure. Many non-epileptic patients experience an unusual brain activity so; it is advised to record EEG while sleeping is preferable. Brain scan like CT- SCAN are used various new devices are created for easy diagnosis of epilepsy

people with epilepsy often show stigma and differentiation, social behavioral changes arises due to depression occurred from variation, people cannot drive as there are chances of getting seizures while driving. Recreational activities are mostly affected like swimming, playing, racing cannot be taken. Research showed that only 56% people can complete their high school with epilepsy. Women with epilepsy are at a higher risk of miscarriage and abnormal child birth

people suffering from epilepsy are majorly prone to stigma and differentiation, thus they undergo different mental trauma, illusions psychic behavioral changes, which affect their day to day life severely .medication to epilepsy causes some other related diseases

majorly epilepsy is treated with antiepileptic drugs primarily first line drugs like carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, carbamazepine whereas, the second generation include zonisamide and lacosamide are showing good efficacy with low adverse effects .thosuximide is majorly used for primary treatment. Diazepam is now available as a rectal gel so that can be applied by family members for prolonged seizures. Drug combination sometimes lead to adverse effects like fatigue and loss of appetite so, combinations are often replaced by monotherapy unless monotherapy achieves desired results. When medication doesn’t achieve the required targets doctor can sometimes suggest for surgery 64% cases showed seizure free cases who undergone surgery

There are  conditions associated with recurrent paroxysmal events that may imitate and be misdiagnosed as epilepsies, conditions like movement disorder and sleep disorders may not be associated with electrical discharge of brain, some times children with high fevers may produce disorders  which cannot be considered as epilepsy

Approximately 3-5% of people suffer from epilepsy during their lifetime. Its prevalence has been estimated to be 5-10% per 1000 people in general population. The highest incidence is in children under the age 2 years, frequently appearing till their 10^th year, further declining and again appearing after 50 years of age. The risk of developing epilepsy by 20 years of age is only 1% and by 75 years of age 3. If you have a family history of epilepsy, there may be a higher risk of developing a seizure disorder. Head injuries are responsible for some cases of epilepsy. Avoid smoking and alcohol Dementia can increase the risk of epilepsy in aged people. Infections like meningitis where there is an inflammation may also cause epilepsy. High fevers in childhood can sometimes cause epilepsy.

Epilepsy is an endless neurological condition characterized by intermittent seizures that affect many individuals around the world. Understanding of the unpredictable components fundamental epileptogenesis and seizure era in transient projection Epilepsy and different types of Epilepsy can't be completely obtained in clinical examinations with people. Thus, the utilization of suitable creature models is basic. Some of these models reproduce the regular history of symptomatic central Epilepsy with an underlying epileptogenic affront, which is trailed by an obvious inactive period and by a resulting time of ceaseless unconstrained seizures